CBSE Class 10 Information Technology – ICT Skills Notes

In this article we providing information regarding latest CBSE Class 10 Information Technology – ICT Skills Notes 2024-25

CBSE Class 10 Information Technology – ICT Skills II Notes 2024-25

ICT – Information and Communication Technology.

Basic Computer Operation

Information can be recorded or stored in many ways:

1. Paper
2. Typewriter

Digital Information – It is stored on electronic devices – Share, Store/Record

Topic 1: Computer Hardware and Software

A computer system consists of two main parts:

1. Hardware
2. Software

Hardware – These are the Physical Parts that we can see and touch.

Software –

• It is physically invisible, but makes the hardware work the way we want.
• Operating System (OS) is the most important software, it starts working as soon as we switch on a computer.
• Examples of OS Desktop Devices – Ubantu, macos, Windows
• Examples of OS Mobile Devices – iOs, Android

Computer applications like browsers, games, & office tools are software that perform specific functions.

Starting a Computer

• To start a computer, press the CPU’s Power Button.
• A computer automatically runs the BIOS (Basic Input / Output System), when the power button is pushed on.
• The BIOS first performs a Self-Test. If the system is fine, it loads the Operating System

  Login and Logout

• We need to keep our computer locked, when not in use.
• This ensures that no unauthorized person can access or change our information without our permission.

 Shutting Down a Computer

• We can shut down the computer in any Operating System by clicking Systems Button and then Click ‘Shut Down’.

Using the Keyboard

• A keyboard is an Input device used to type text, numbers and commands into the computer.
• It has 12 function keys that perform specific functions, which different from program to program.

 Control Keys

• Ctrl, Shift, Alt, Caps Lock, Space, Tab
• These special control keys perform specific functions depending on when & where they are used.

Enter / Return Key

• This key is used to move the cursor to a new line.
• In some programs, it is used to confirms tasks.

 Punctuation Keys

• These include keys for punctuation marks.
• Colon (:), Semicolon (;). Question mark (?), single quotation (‘). Double quotation (“) etc.

 Navigation Keys

• These are used to move up & down, right & left in a document.

 Command Keys

• When the INSERT key is ON, it overwrites characters to the right of the cursor.
• The DELETE and BACKSPACE keys remove text.

Window Keys

• Pressing this key opens the Start Menu.

Using Mouse

• A mouse is a small input device used to move, select, and open items on a computer screen.
  • Roll over or Hovering – Details of File
  • Point and Click – Select
  • Drag and Drop – Move

Performing Basic File Operations

Files and Folders

• All information in a computer is stored in files, with various file types storing different kinds of information.
• Each file is given a file name and has a file name extension. – Example Lile (.txt, .jpg/png, .mp3, .mp4)
• A folder is a location where a group of files can be stored.

Creating a File (Using a Text Editor)

• First Open Text Editor,
• Then Write your Content
• Save the file

Creating a Folder

• Select the location where the folder will be created.
• Right Click and then choose the New Folder.

Computer Care and Maintenance

Importance of Care and Maintenance of Computers

1. Taking care of electronic device helps them to work properly for long term.
2. We must protect them from dust and damage to keep them working efficiently.
3. Regular care allows us to use devices longer and save money by reducing the need for new purchases.

Basic Tips for Taking Care of Devices

1. Keeping your devices clean
   • Keyboard
   • Screen
   • Be careful with food & drinks
   • Handle devices carefully
   • Keep the computer cool
   • Do not overcharge your battery
   • Always plug in devices carefully
   • Do not run too many program at a time
2. Prepare a Maintenance Schedule
   • To keep the computer in perfect condition for the long term.
   • Daily Maintenance – Clean up your e-mail inbox
   • Weekly Maintenance – Clean your keyboard, Monitor, CPU & Printer etc.
   • Monthly Maintenance – Organize your Files in to proper folders.
   • Yearly Maintenance – Update your Operating System
3. Backup your Data
   • Backing us data means saving the information present in your computer on to another device, such as : CD/DVD
4. Scanning and Cleaning Viruses – Antivirus
5. Increasing Computer Performance – Disk Cleaner software
6. Removing SPAM from your Computer – SPAM Email

Computer Security Deals with Protecting Computers

• We store a lot of information on our computers and electronic devices
• For Example
  • Our photos on our mobiles
  • School computers store student’s information
  • Bank store client’s financial data
• Hence, It is essential to keep computers secure and our data safe.

Reasons for Security Break

Personal Information

• We’re often careless with sharing personal information online.
• A person get unauthorized access to our computer.

Threats to Computer

Theft:

• Physical – Where a person may steal your system.
• Identity – A hacker steal your identity for account access or illegal activities.
• Software Piracy – This is software theft involving the use or distribution of unauthorized copies.

Virus (Worms & Trojan Horse)

These are programs that can damage data and software, or steal computer info.

1. Worms – These viruses replicate and spread to all files once they attack a computer. This makes it very difficult to remove them.
2. Trojan Horse – It appears to be a useful software program, but once it reaches a computer, it behaves like a virus and destroys data
3. Online Predators – These people trap you in a inappropriate relationships and involves you into illegal activities online.
4. Internet Scams – Depositing money online or by credit card risks losing money and misuse of your account information.

Protecting your Data

To protect data from theft & viruses we can take following measures:

Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites.

1. Use Passwords to login to your computer
   • Keep it hard to guess
   • Use both small and capital alphabets, along with symbols or numbers.
2. Install Anti-Virus and Firewall
   • They monitor the data coming in and out of a computer and prevent viruses from entering.
   • Antivirus can also detect and removes existing computer viruses.
3. Encrypt Data
   • This is usually done by banks & companies on which important information is stored.
   • Data Encryption increases data security.
4. Secure Sites:
   • Usually, Secure websites follow the HTTP protocol.

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